Betonipalkkielementtien mallinnusohje - Tekla Structures

Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli kehittää Sweco Rakennetekniikka Oy:lle mallinnusohjeet Tekla Structures -ohjelmistoa varten HI-, I- ja K-betonipalkkielementeistä. Mallinnusohjeiden avulla mallintajien, erityisesti aloittelevan mallintajan tulisi pystyä johdonmukaisesti mallintamaan kyseisiä palkkeja itsenäisesti. Ohjeilla pyrittäisiin yhtenäistämään yri-tyksen toimintatapoja, jotta työskentely tehostuisi ja yhteistyö toimipisteiden välillä helpottuisi. Työn tekeminen aloitettiin perehtymällä betonielementtirakentamiseen ja tietomallinnukseen liittyviin julkaisuihin. Mallinnusohjeiden lähtötiedot kerättiin haastattelemalla yrityksen eri toimipisteiden rakennesuunnittelijoita. Haastat-telut suoritettiin teemahaastatteluina ja niihin osallistui yhteensä kuusi rakennesuunnittelijaa. Haastatteluiden perus-teella selvisi, mitä mallinnusohjeiden tulisi pitää sisällään, mihin ongelmakohtiin tulisi puuttua ja mitä mahdollisia asioita tulisi kehittää. Näiden tietojen perusteelta mallinnettiin Tekla Structures -ohjelmistolla kyseiset betonipalk-kielementit, detaljit ja laadittiin piirustukset. Mallinnusosuuden perusteella laadittiin betonipalkkielementtien mallin-nusohjeet. Tämän opinnäytetyön tuloksena tuotettiin HI-, I- ja K-betonipalkkielementtien mallinnusohjeet Tekla Structures -ohjelmistolle sekä kehitettiin ohjelmiston vakiodetaljien asetuksia. Mallinnusohjeista voidaan todeta, että ohjeet ovat erittäin helppolukuiset, selkeät ja johdonmukaiset. On oletettavissa, että ohjeiden käyttäjät pystyvät mallintamaan kyseisiä betonipalkkielementtejä täysin itsenäisesti.The aim of this final project was to develop modeling instructions to Sweco Rakennetekniikka Ltd. for Tekla Structures -software from HI-, I- and K-concrete beam elements. With modeling instructions modelers, especially unexperienced modelers should be able to model those beams logically and independently. The instructions were also aimed at unifying the working methods in the company to make them more efficient and co-operation between offices easier. The work was started by studying publications about precast concrete construction and building information modeling (BIM). The data was gathered by interviewing structural engineers working in different offices in the company. The interviews were a semi-structured interview and six persons were interviewed. After that, it was clear what the instructions to Tekla Structures should contain, which problems should get intervened and which potential issues should be developed. The beams, details and drawings were modeled, and the modeling instructions were based on this information. The result of this thesis were the modeling instructions from HI-, I- and K- concrete beam elements for the Tekla Structures -software and standard detail configurations as well. The modeling instructions were found readable, clear and consistent, so the users are expected to model those concrete beam elements completely independently

Performance Evaluation of Optimal Ate Pairing on Low-Cost Single Microprocessor Platform

The framework of low-cost interconnected devices forms a new kind of cryptographic environment with diverse requirements. Due to the minimal resource capacity of the devices, light-weight cryptographic algorithms are favored. Many applications of IoT work autonomously and process sensible data, which emphasizes security needs, and might also cause a need for specific security measures. A bilinear pairing is a mapping based on groups formed by elliptic curves over extension fields. The pairings are the key-enabler for versatile cryptosystems, such as certificateless signatures and searchable encryption. However, they have a major computational overhead, which coincides with the requirements of the low-cost devices. Nonetheless, the bilinear pairings are the only known approach for many cryptographic protocols so their feasibility should certainly be studied, as they might turn out to be necessary for some future IoT solutions. Promising results already exist for high-frequency CPU:s and platforms with hardware extensions. In this work, we study the feasibility of computing the optimal ate pairing over the BN254 curve, on a 64 MHz Cortex-M33 based platform by utilizing an optimized open-source library. The project is carried out for the company Nordic Semiconductor. As a result, the pairing was effectively computed in under 26* 10^6 cycles, or in 410 ms. The resulting pairing enables a limited usage of pairing-based cryptography, with a capacity of at most few cryptographic operations, such as ID-based key verifications per second. Referring to other relevant works, a competent pairing application would require either a high-frequency - and thus high consuming - microprocessor, or a customized FPGA. Moreover, it is noted that the research in efficient pairing-based cryptography is constantly taking steps forward in every front-line: efficient algorithms, protocols, and hardware-solutions

Palvelin kotiin : Fyysinen vai virtuaalinen

Työn aihe valikoitui henkilökohtaisesta kiinnostuksesta asentaa palvelinympäristö kotiin. Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli asentaa toimiva palvelinympäristö kotikäyttöön ja mahdollistaa sen avulla keskitetty tiedostonjako kotiverkossa ja sen ulkopuolella. VPN:n avulla oli tarkoitus saada etäyhteydet toimimaan niin palvelimeen kuin muihinkin tietokoneisiin kotiverkossa. Työ laajentui käsittämään vertailun pilvipalvelussa olevan virtuaalipalvelimen ja kotipalvelimen välillä. Azure pilvipalvelu valikoitui virtuaalipalvelimen asennuspaikaksi. Valintaan vaikutti palvelun suosio ja sen laajat käyttömahdollisuudet. Työn teoriaosuudessa käsitellään Windows Server 2012R2 palvelinkäyttöjärjestelmää ja sen tarjoamia palveluita. Teoriaosuudessa käsitellään myös pilvipalveluita yleisesti ja Steam viihdealustaa, joka liittyy osana työn testausosioon. Lähteet teoriaosuuteen ovat pääosin englanninkielisiä verkkolähteitä muutamaa suomen kielistä lukuunottamatta. Työ sisältää vaiheistetut ohjeet palvelimen eri palveluiden asentamiseksi ja niiden hyödyntämiseksi. Oletuksena lukijalta, joka haluaisi kyseisen ympäristön toteuttaa, oletetaan hänen osaavan asentaa palvelinkäyttöjärjestelmän. Työn johtopäätöksenä tekijä pohtii kotipalvelimen asentamisen käytännöllisyyttä ja vaihtoehtoisen tavan toteuttaa tiedostojen keskitetty jakaminen niin kotona kuin etäyhteyden avulla. Tekijä suosittelee omaa palvelinta, jos lukija on kiinnostunut tosissaan hyödyntämään palvelimen tuomia etuja. Virtuaalipalvelin vaihtoehto on hyvä, jos haluaa kokeilla palvelimen mahdollistamia palveluita ilman, että tarvitsee käyttää projektiin paljon rahaa.The topic for the thesis was chosen out of personal interest in creating a server environment at home. The goal was to install a working server environment for home usage and enable file shar-ing in local area network and through the Internet. VPN was installed to allow remote connection to the server and the computers at home. The thesis was expanded to cover a comparison between home server and virtual server installed in Azure. Azure was chosen because of its popularity and wide range of services. The theoretical background discusses the Windows Server 2012R2 operating system and its services. Also, there is some information about cloud services in general and the Steam enter-tainment platform. References for the theory part of the thesis are mainly English Internet sources apart from two Finnish ones. The thesis contains phased instructions for installing various services for the server and for using the installed services. The reader is assumed to know how to install Windows Server 2012R2 and the instructions for this part are not included. The conclusion part has some thoughts about installing server at home and how practical it is. Moreover, some ideas on how to accomplish centralized file sharing at home and through remote connection are introduced. The writer of this thesis recommends buying your own physical server if you are truly interested in finding out the benefits of having a server at home. The virtual server is a good choice when you want to test the possibilities of a server, but you do not want to spend the money for a physical server

Ympäristökysymys

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Heparin Dose and Point-of-Care Measurements of Hemostasis in Cardiac Surgery-Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: High heparin doses during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) have been suggested to reduce thrombin activation and consumption coagulopathy and consequently bleeding complications. The authors investigated the effect of a high heparin dose during CPB on point-of-care measurements of coagulation. The authors hypothesized that during CPB a high heparin dose compared with a lower heparin dose would reduce thrombin generation and platelet activation and tested whether this would be reflected in the results of rotational thromboelastometry (TEM) and platelet aggregation, measured with multiple electrode aggregometry (MEA). Design: Prospective, randomized, controlled, open single-center study. Setting: University teaching hospital. Participants: Sixty-three consecutive patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting with CPB were enrolled. Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to receive either a high (600 IU/kg, n = 32) or a low (300 IU/kg, n = 31) initial dose of heparin. Target levels of activated clotting time during CPB were >600 seconds in the high heparin dose group and >400 seconds in the low heparin dose group. Measurements and Main Results: Blood samples were collected (1) preoperatively after induction of anesthesia, (2) 10 minutes after aortic declamping, (3) 30 minutes after protamine administration, and (4) 3 hours after protamine administration. TEM and MEA were then measured. There was no difference in blood loss up to 18 hours postoperatively (median 735 mL for high dose v 610 mL for low dose; p <0.056) or transfusions between the groups. Total median heparin dose (54,300 IU v 27,000 IU; p = 0.001) and median antifactor Xa levels during CPB (9.38 U/mL v 5.04 U/mL; p = 0.001) were greater in the high than in the low heparin dose group. However, neither TEM nor MEA results differed significantly between the groups. Conclusions: Compared with a lower dose of heparin during CPB, a high dose of heparin had little effect on the point-of-care measurements of hemostasis, TEM, and MEA. Based on the similarity of platelet and coagulation activity assessments, the higher heparin dose does not appear to offer benefit during CPB. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Urine NGAL as a biomarker for septic AKI : a critical appraisal of clinical utility-data from the observational FINNAKI study

Background: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is released from kidney tubular cells under stress as well as from neutrophils during inflammation. It has been suggested as a biomarker for acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients with sepsis. To evaluate clinical usefulness of urine NGAL (uNGAL), we post-hoc applied recently introduced statistical methods to a sub-cohort of septic patients from the prospective observational Finnish Acute Kidney Injury (FINNAKI) study. Accordingly, in 484 adult intensive care unit patients with sepsis by Sepsis-3 criteria, we calculated areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) for the first available uNGAL to assess discrimination for four outcomes: AKI defined by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria, severe (KDIGO 2-3) AKI, and renal replacement therapy (RRT) during the first 3 days of intensive care, and mortality at day 90. We constructed clinical prediction models for the outcomes and used risk assessment plots and decision curve analysis with predefined threshold probabilities to test whether adding uNGAL to the models improved reclassification or decision making in clinical practice. Results: Incidences of AKI, severe AKI, RRT, and mortality were 44.8% (217/484), 27.7% (134/484), 9.5% (46/484), and 28.1% (136/484). Corresponding AUCs for uNGAL were 0.690, 0.728, 0.769, and 0.600. Adding uNGAL to the clinical prediction models improved discrimination of AKI, severe AKI, and RRT. However, the net benefits for the new models were only 1.4% (severe AKI and RRT) to 2.5% (AKI), and the number of patients needed to be tested per one extra true-positive varied from 40 (AKI) to 74 (RRT) at the predefined threshold probabilities. Conclusions: The results of the recommended new statistical methods do not support the use of uNGAL in critically ill septic patients to predict AKI or clinical outcomes.Peer reviewe

Korkeakouluopiskelijoiden opintoihin kiinnittymisen ja hyvinvoinnin haasteet pandemia-ajan etäopiskelussa

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